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Record-breaking laser link corrects atmospheric interference

The rooftop observatory at the University of Western Australia. [Credit: ICRAR]

 

 

Scientists from Australia's International Center for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) and The University of Western Australia (UWA) have set a world record for the most stable transmission of a laser signal through the atmosphere.

In a study published Jan. 22, 2021, in the journal Nature Communications, the researchers teamed up with scientists from the French National Center for Space Studies (CNES) and the French metrology lab Systemes de Reference Temps-Espace (SYRTE) at Paris Observatory.

The team set the world record for the most stable laser transmission by combining the Aussies' "phase stabilization" technology with advanced self-guiding optical terminals.

Together, these technologies allowed laser signals to be sent from one point to another without interference from the atmosphere.

One of the self-guiding optical terminals on its telescope mount on the roof of a building at the CNES campus in Toulouse, France. [Credit: ICRAR/UWA]

 

 

 

 

Lead author Benjamin Dix-Matthews, a PhD student at ICRAR and UWA, said the technique effectively eliminates atmospheric turbulence.

"We can correct for atmospheric turbulence in 3D, that is, left-right, up-down, and, critically, along the line of flight," he said. "It's as if the moving atmosphere has been removed and doesn't exist. It allows us to send highly stable laser signals through the atmosphere while retaining the quality of the original signal."

The result is the world's most precise method for comparing the flow of time between two separate locations using a laser system transmitted through the atmosphere.

ICRAR-UWA senior researcher Dr. Sascha Schediwy said the research has exciting applications.

"If you have one of these optical terminals on the ground and another on a satellite in space, then you can start to explore fundamental physics," he said.

"Everything from testing Einstein's theory of general relativity more precisely than ever before, to discovering if fundamental physical constants change over time."

The technology's precise measurements also have practical uses in earth science and geophysics.

"For instance, this technology could improve satellite-based studies of how the water table changes over time, or to look for ore deposits underground," Schediwy said.

There are further potential benefits for optical communications, an emerging field that uses light to carry information.

Optical communications can securely transmit data between satellites and Earth with much higher data rates than current radio communications.

"Our technology could help us increase the data rate from satellites to ground by orders of magnitude," Schediwy said. "The next generation of big data-gathering satellites would be able to get critical information to the ground faster."

Members of the project team standing in front of a telescope dome located at the CNES campus in Toulouse, containing one of the self-guiding optical terminals. [Credit: ICRAR/UWA]

 

 

The phase stabilization technology behind the record-breaking link was originally developed to synchronize incoming signals for the Square Kilometer Array telescope.

The multi-billion-dollar telescope is set to be built in Western Australia and South Africa from 2021.

Source: International Center for Radio Astronomy Research

Published February 2021

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